Marcin Adamski
• “Bluszczowatość”, dialektyka czy inwencja? Juliusz Słowacki w oczach krytyków w XIX wieku
• “The ivyness”: Dialectics or Creativity? Juliusz Słowacki through the Eyes of 19th Century Critics
The term “ivy” was introduced by Stanisław Tarnowski as a critical one for Juliusz Słowacki’s alleged artisticdependence. Zygmunt Krasiński interprets Anhelli as a centrifugal force which gives every soul some feeling, suffering, love and pain. Cyprian Kamil Norwid perceives the poem as a metaphor for the decline of Polish culture (a divided society that led to the fall of Poland). According to Norwid, the figure of Anhelli is the heart of civilization, i.e. the personification of love for the nation that has become a pilgrim and a spiritual guide for the renewal of Polish soul and of the nation in order to regain independence. Antoni Małecki sees Siberia in the poem as “White Hell” that would be a response to Dante’s Divine Comedy. In Anhelli, the character who sacrifices himself for the nation so that he could purifyhis sinful heart and transform himself, is rewarded with the resurrection of the nation and eternal life.
In this article, I present a new positive understanding of the poet’s “ivy” who created a unique entity, using references to already existing texts, plots, styles, genres and various concepts. The creative method used by Słowacki was correctly recognized by eminent researchers in the 19th century and during the time of Polish modernism, but it was only in 20thcentury that it was properly and fully analysed thanks to the intertextual approach and the philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin’s language.
Anna Bogucka
• „I otocz się błękitnym zadumy obłokiem i idź oczarowanym, zgubionym w snach krokiem” – o koncepcie tomu Italia Marii Konopnickiej
• “And Surround Yourself with a Blue Cloud of Pensiveness, and Walk at Enchanted Pace that Is Lost in Your Dreams” – On the Concept of Italia Volume by Maria Konopnicka
The article presents the idea of the volume “Italia” (1901) by Maria Konopnicka and some cyclical elements as well, based on Rofla Fiegutha’s theory. All of the cycles in the volume “Italia” were analysed in detail (“Petrarchan Sonnets”, “On the Way”, “The Madonna”, “Works of the Cupid”, “Florentine Echoes”, “Faunus”, “In Sistine”, “Sea”). The article is supposed to answer the questions concerning the sources of the poet’s inspiration, the subject issue of her works and her decisions that were essential for the process of writing “Italia”. The volume “Italia” is a study on the beauty of Italian art.
Weronika Rychta
• Bóg, człowiek, szatan i milczący poeta. Interpretacja wybranych utworów z cyklu Zdania i uwagi Adama Mickiewicza
• God, Human, Satan and a Silent Poet. Interpretation of the Selected Works from the Cycle Sentences and Remarks by Adam Mickiewicz
The article is dedicated to the late work of Adam Mickiewicz, that is the cycle entitled Zdania i uwagi (Sentences and Remarks). It focuses on the interpretation of the theme of the relationship between God, Satan and a human being. It also discusses Mickiewicz’s mystical inspirations and the concept of a silent poet, revealing that in Zdania i uwagi the poet’s voice and the voices of the mystics coming from various epochs, became one. Mickiewicz wrote a meditative literary work in order to guide the reader on the path of spiritual development. The poetic word becomes a testimony of silence here. The experience of the lyrical “I” is replaced with the brevity of the form, emphasizing the ascetic effort to pursue the truth.
Sylwia Stolarczyk
• Poeta jako człowiek pierwotny
• Poet as a Primal Human
The concept of the poet as a primal human appeared at the beginning of the 18th century. The Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico was the first to develop this idea, the historiosophical context that was presented in the work The New Science. According to Vico, poetry gave rise to a pagan civilization, which at an early stage of development consisted of nations-poets. Poetic wisdom, that is to say primal wisdom of paganism, as the scholar suggests, began with metaphysics based on affection and imagination; and the myths, tales and legends born of it became the basis of all sciences. In the Age of Enlightenment, a Polish scholar, priest and poet, Jan Paweł Woronicz, wrote about the poet as a primal human. In the era of Positivism, the realization of the myth about the poet as a primal man was noticed in the works of the romantics. In Modernism, the idea of primitivism has slightly changed its meaning, becoming a conscious element of the literary program of, among others, Antoni Lange and Stanisław Przybyszewski. The concept of the poet as a primal man found the fullest expression in the works of Bolesław Leśmian, becoming the basic component of his poetry. The article constitutes the attempt at reviewing and comprehensively presenting the concept of the poet as a primal man throughout literary history.
KEY WORDS: poet, poetry, primitive man, primal human, archetype, Giambattista Vico, Carl Gustav Jung, Aleksander Świętochowski
Kacper Uss
• But w butonierce jako wykładnia poetyki Jasieńskiego
• A Boot in the Boutonniere as an Explanation of the Jasieński’s Poetics
The article is a microanalysis of the selected parts from Bruno Jasieński’s works gathered in the volume “But w Butonierce”. It presents Jasieński’s poetics features referring to the tradition and places the poet’s lyrical work in terms of the conflict between traditionalism and anti-traditionalism. It shows the connection between Futurist poetry and the urban space, and its dynamics. It also emphasizes the fact that some revolutionary postulates from Futurist manifestos have never been implemented and what kind of consequences they brought. To conclude, the article gives a deep reflection on the aesthetic transformation of lyricism towards the reality of the 21st century.
Maciej Woźniak
• W poszukiwaniu pamięci. Kinderszenen Jarosława Marka Rymkiewicza jako mozaika literacka
• In Search of Memory. Kinderszenen by Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz as a Literary Mosaic
The article presents a genological analysis of the collection of stories and historical essays by Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz “Kinderszenen”. A theory is put forward that Rymkiewicz’s work belongs to a new genre of prose, that is literary mosaic. According to the proposed typology, a constitutive feature of this genre is the construction of a work based on a series of small elements influencing each other, and at the same time creating immanent works and connected by a common theme. The author discusses the theory by recalling the writings of Marek Nowakowski or Ryszard Kapuściński.